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Effect of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on the Secondary Bonds of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)

Received: 16 November 2014     Accepted: 19 November 2014     Published: 22 November 2014
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Abstract

This paper deals with the effect of natural pigments (chlorophyll and anthocyanin) on the secondary bonds in (poly vinyl chloride PVC), which play an important role in the physical and chemical behavior of it. Natural pigments extracted from plants by a simple method and blended with PVC powder in different ratio of natural pigments, and the properties of the blend were determined and compared. The extracted pigments were characterized by UV- visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The blend of PVC with pigments were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hardness, and density. The results show that anthocyanin shows higher depression in glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC than chlorophyll pigment, where the maximum effect of chlorophyll is 3%. The obtained Tg used in calculations depending on molecular models which its content the simplest idealized model of a linear molecule is the chain model without branching. The hardness and density of PVC decrease as anthocyanin and chlorophyll percent increases. All these results were contributed to that chlorophyll and anthocyanin act as plasticizers by effecting on secondary bonds of PVC polymer.

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 2-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Steel and Direct Reduced Iron (sponge Iron) Industry

DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15
Page(s) 21-29
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), Natural Pigment, Secondary Bonds, and Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)

References
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[4] SherifD.ElWakil, "Processes and Design for Manufacturing", 2nd edition, Waveland Press, Inc., USA, 1998.
[5] Joyce Y. Wong and Joseph D. Bronzino., "Biomaterials", publisher CRC Press and Taylor & Francis Group, Printed in the United States of America, 2007.
[6] Jan C. J. Bart, "Additives in polymers: industrial analysis and applications", John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England. 2005.
[7] ManasChanda and Salil K. Roy, "Plastics Technology Handbook", 3rd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1998.
[8] J. R. ASPLAND, "Pigments as Textile Colorants: Pigmenting or Pigmentation", A Series on dyeing, Vol. 25, No. 10, 1993.
[9] Charles A. Harper, "Handbook of Plastics Technologies", Ch.5, Rudolph D. Deanin , The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2006.
[10] Galt, B. Maxell, Mod, "Plastics", Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 175, 1964.
[11] Cato Brede, IngunSkjevrak, and Per Fjcldal, "Colour Substances in Food Packaging materials", statensNaeringSmiddeltilsyn (SNT) Opplag: 375, 2003.
[12] J. Miley, "Polymeric colorants", Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, Vol. 68, No. 7, pp. 1423-1428, 1996.
[13] Kevin Davies, "Plant Pigments and their Manipulation", Annual Plant Reviews, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, Vol. 14, 2004.
[14] Harborne, "phytochemical Methods", 2nd edition, London, Chapman and Hall, 1984.
[15] Simona Oancea and Letitia Oprean, "Anthocyanins, From Biosynthesis In Plants To Human Health Benefits", ActaUniversitatisCibiniensis Series E: Food Technology, Vol. XV, No.1, 2011.
[16] Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler and Claus Buschmann, "Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: UV-VIS Spectroscopy", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 2001.
[17] Mohammed A. Hussain ,and Kamal M. Mahmoud, "Isolation and Identification of an Anthocyanin Compound from Cherry Fruit (PrunusAvium L.) and Study of its Antibacterial Activity", Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, ISSN: 1813-1662, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2011.
[18] Mitali Konwar, and G D Baruah, "On the Nature of Vibrational Bands in The FTIR Spectra of Medicinal Plant Leaves", Archives of Applied Science Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 214-221, 2011.
[19] Elena Gómez-Sánchezl, Stefan Simon1, Lars-Christian Koch, Albrecht Wiedmann, Tobias Weber, and Maurice Mengel, "ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for The Characterisation of Magnetic Tape Materials", e-PRESERVATIONScience, MORANA RTD d.o.o., Vol. 8, pp. 2-9, 2011.
[20] Farringoton Daniels & Robert A. Alberty, "Phsical Chemistry", 2nd edition, John Wiley& Sons, Inc., New York, London, pp. (493,650), 1962.
[21] P. W. Atkins, "Physical Chemistry", 6th edition, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 835, 2001.
[22] Al-Asadee, "Addition of Some Natural Pigments as Colorants and Stabilizers Materials for Polymers", Ph. D. thesis, Engineering College, Babylon University, 2007.
[23] Jaleel Kareem Ahmed, "Using chlorophyll as gamma absorber", sent for publishing.
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  • APA Style

    Jaleel Kareem Ahmed, Zuhair J. Abdul Amer, Maha Jasim Mohammed Al-Bahate. (2014). Effect of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on the Secondary Bonds of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(2-1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15

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    ACS Style

    Jaleel Kareem Ahmed; Zuhair J. Abdul Amer; Maha Jasim Mohammed Al-Bahate. Effect of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on the Secondary Bonds of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 4(2-1), 21-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15

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    AMA Style

    Jaleel Kareem Ahmed, Zuhair J. Abdul Amer, Maha Jasim Mohammed Al-Bahate. Effect of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on the Secondary Bonds of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;4(2-1):21-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15,
      author = {Jaleel Kareem Ahmed and Zuhair J. Abdul Amer and Maha Jasim Mohammed Al-Bahate},
      title = {Effect of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on the Secondary Bonds of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2-1},
      pages = {21-29},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15},
      abstract = {This paper deals with the effect of natural pigments (chlorophyll and anthocyanin) on the secondary bonds in (poly vinyl chloride PVC), which play an important role in the physical and chemical behavior of it. Natural pigments extracted from plants by a simple method and blended with PVC powder in different ratio of natural pigments, and the properties of the blend were determined and compared. The extracted pigments were characterized by UV- visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The blend of PVC with pigments were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hardness, and density. The results show that anthocyanin shows higher depression in glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC than chlorophyll pigment, where the maximum effect of chlorophyll is 3%. The obtained Tg used in calculations depending on molecular models which its content the simplest idealized model of a linear molecule is the chain model without branching. The hardness and density of PVC decrease as anthocyanin and chlorophyll percent increases. All these results were contributed to that chlorophyll and anthocyanin act as plasticizers by effecting on secondary bonds of PVC polymer.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on the Secondary Bonds of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
    AU  - Jaleel Kareem Ahmed
    AU  - Zuhair J. Abdul Amer
    AU  - Maha Jasim Mohammed Al-Bahate
    Y1  - 2014/11/22
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 21
    EP  - 29
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.15
    AB  - This paper deals with the effect of natural pigments (chlorophyll and anthocyanin) on the secondary bonds in (poly vinyl chloride PVC), which play an important role in the physical and chemical behavior of it. Natural pigments extracted from plants by a simple method and blended with PVC powder in different ratio of natural pigments, and the properties of the blend were determined and compared. The extracted pigments were characterized by UV- visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The blend of PVC with pigments were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hardness, and density. The results show that anthocyanin shows higher depression in glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC than chlorophyll pigment, where the maximum effect of chlorophyll is 3%. The obtained Tg used in calculations depending on molecular models which its content the simplest idealized model of a linear molecule is the chain model without branching. The hardness and density of PVC decrease as anthocyanin and chlorophyll percent increases. All these results were contributed to that chlorophyll and anthocyanin act as plasticizers by effecting on secondary bonds of PVC polymer.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Babylon University- College of Materials Engineering, Polymer and Petrochemical Industries Department, Babylon, Iraq

  • Babylon University- College of Materials Engineering, Polymer and Petrochemical Industries Department, Babylon, Iraq

  • Babylon University- College of Materials Engineering, Polymer and Petrochemical Industries Department, Babylon, Iraq

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